International trade me exporters ko ek bahut badi problem face karni padti hai — “Payment Delay”.
Exporter ko raw material kharidna hota hai, production karni hoti hai, packaging aur shipping ka expense dena hota hai… lekin foreign buyer ka payment bahut baad me aata hai.
Isi problem ko solve karne ke liye banks aur financial institutions Export Credit provide karte hain.
Is blog me hum simple language me samjhenge:
Export credit ek type ka business finance hai jo banks exporters ko provide karte hain taaki wo international orders complete kar sakein.
Simple words me:
“Exporter ko foreign buyer se payment milne se pehle jo loan ya working capital diya jata hai usse Export Credit kehte hain.”
Ye finance specially export business ke liye hota hai.
Export credit mainly 2 parts me divide hota hai:
Pre-shipment finance ko:
bhi kaha jata hai.
Ye finance exporter ko shipment bhejne se pehle diya jata hai.
Exporter ko order complete karne ke liye paisa chahiye hota hai:
In sab expenses ke liye bank short-term loan deta hai.
Maan lo ek Indian textile exporter ko US se $1 million ka order mila.
Ab exporter ko:
ke liye paisa chahiye.
Bank usko shipment bhejne se pehle finance provide karta hai.
Isi ko Pre-Shipment Credit kehte hain.
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Purpose | Export order complete karna |
| Given Before Shipment | Yes |
| Loan Type | Working capital |
| Tenure | Usually 180 days |
| Security | Export order / collateral |
| Interest Rate | Normal business loan se kam |
Exporter ko production start karne ke liye immediate funds milte hain.
Export promotion ke liye banks comparatively lower interest rate charge karte hain.
Finance available hone ki wajah se exporter bade international orders bhi le sakta hai.
Business operations smoothly chalte rehte hain.
Agar foreign buyer order cancel kar de to repayment issue aa sakta hai.
Dollar ya foreign currency rate change hone se loss ho sakta hai.
Shipment late hone par extra interest lag sakta hai.
Post-shipment finance exporter ko shipment bhejne ke baad diya jata hai.
Kyuki foreign buyer ka payment generally:
baad me aata hai.
Tab tak exporter ko cash ki zarurat hoti hai.
Isi gap ko fill karne ke liye bank finance provide karta hai.
Shipment bhejne ke baad:
Bank exporter ko advance payment provide karta hai.
Indian exporter ne Germany ko machinery export ki.
Buyer ne bola:
“Payment 90 days baad karenge.”
Ab exporter ko immediately paisa chahiye.
Bank export documents ke against advance payment provide karta hai.
Ye Post-Shipment Finance hai.
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Given After Shipment | Yes |
| Purpose | Payment waiting period manage karna |
| Security | Export bills/documents |
| Tenure | Usually up to 180 days |
| Types | Bill discounting, export bills purchase |
Bank exporter ke export bills purchase kar leta hai aur immediate payment deta hai.
Future payment ko present value par discount karke bank paisa deta hai.
Export documents ke against temporary finance diya jata hai.
Payment delay ke bawajood business smoothly chalta rehta hai.
Exporter next orders par bhi kaam kar sakta hai.
Foreign buyers ko credit period dena possible ho jata hai.
Agar foreign buyer payment na kare to problem ho sakti hai.
Foreign country me war ya restrictions se payment delay ho sakta hai.
Currency fluctuation se loss ho sakta hai.
Exporter ko foreign order milta hai.
Exporter bank se pre-shipment finance leta hai.
Goods manufacture aur shipment hota hai.
Shipment documents bank ko diye jate hain.
Bank post-shipment finance provide karta hai.
Foreign buyer payment karta hai.
Exporter bank ka loan repay karta hai.
Generally ye log eligible hote hain
Exporter ke paas usually ye cheeze honi chahiye:
| Requirement | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Import Export Code (IEC) | Mandatory export license |
| Confirmed export order | Proof of export |
| GST registration | Business verification |
| Bank account | Transaction handling |
| KYC documents | Identity verification |
| Financial statements | Credit assessment |
India me mainly:
export finance provide karte hain.
???? ka specialized export finance institution hai:
Export-Import Bank of India
Ye exporters ko:
provide karta hai.
Reserve Bank of India export sector ko promote karne ke liye:
| Benefit | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Export Growth | International trade badhta hai |
| Employment Generation | Manufacturing jobs create hoti hain |
| Foreign Exchange Earnings | India ko dollar income hoti hai |
| MSME Support | Small businesses ko growth milti hai |
| Global Competitiveness | Indian products worldwide sell hote hain |
| Merits | Demerits |
|---|---|
| Low interest finance | Currency fluctuation risk |
| Export growth support | Buyer default risk |
| Better cash flow | Documentation complex hota hai |
| Large orders possible | Shipment delays costly ho sakte hain |
| Working capital support | Political/global risks |
| International expansion easy | Strict bank compliance |
| Employment generation | Repayment pressure |
| Improves trade balance | Export dependency risk |
| Basis | Pre-Shipment Finance | Post-Shipment Finance |
|---|---|---|
| Timing | Shipment se pehle | Shipment ke baad |
| Purpose | Production & packaging | Payment waiting period |
| Security | Export order | Shipping documents |
| Need | Manufacturing stage | Payment collection stage |
| Risk | Order cancellation | Buyer payment default |
India ek major exporting country ban raha hai.
Export sectors:
ko continuous finance ki zarurat hoti hai.
Export credit:
Banks bahut detailed paperwork maangte hain.
MSMEs ko kabhi-kabhi approval lene me problem hoti hai.
Dollar rate change hone se profit affect hota hai.
International demand kam hone par exports impact hote hain.
India government exports ko aggressively promote kar rahi hai.
Initiatives like:
future me export financing ko aur strong bana sakte hain.
| Topic | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Export Credit | Export business finance |
| Pre-Shipment Finance | Shipment se pehle loan |
| Post-Shipment Finance | Shipment ke baad finance |
| Main Benefit | Cash flow support |
| Main Risk | Currency & payment risk |
| Main Users | Exporters & MSMEs |
Export credit international trade ka backbone maana jata hai.
Agar exporters ko timely finance na mile to:
Isi liye:
Dono milkar exporters ko globally competitive banate hain.
India jaise growing economy ke liye export credit bahut important hai kyunki ye:
Exporters ko diya gaya business finance jo export activities support karta hai.
Shipment bhejne se pehle production aur packaging ke liye diya gaya finance.
Shipment ke baad buyer payment aane tak diya gaya finance.
Ye pre-shipment finance ka hi ek form hai.
Registered exporters, MSMEs, export houses aur trading companies.
Working capital aur cash flow support.
Buyer default aur currency fluctuation.
Haan, eligible MSMEs export credit le sakte hain.
Indian exporters ko specialized export finance aur support provide karta hai.
Kyuki ye exports, jobs aur foreign exchange earnings increase karta hai.
CA Vikas Jain - Our Mentor
9863-02-02-02